/* Junming Zhao: a working paper with a map for a cover.
   Book type (EB Garamond), small caps for bylines, margin notes beside the text,
   numbered figures, and a handwritten hand (Caveat) used only for notes and corrections. */
:root {
  --paper: #fbf9f4;
  --plate: #fbf9f4;
  --ink: #22201c;
  --soft: #5e5a52;
  --faint: #8c8679;
  --rule: #ddd6c8;
  --link: #8a3324;
  --red: #9c3b2d;
  --slate: #3d5a80;
  --hand: #2b5aa8;
  --tint: #f2eee4;
  --serif: "EB Garamond", "Iowan Old Style", Georgia, serif;
  --caps: "Spectral SC", "EB Garamond", Georgia, serif;
  --mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, Consolas, monospace;
  --script: "Caveat", "Segoe Print", cursive;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) { --paper: #1b1a17; --ink: #e9e4d8; --soft: #b0a999; --faint: #8d877a;
    --rule: #3a372f; --link: #e0917c; --red: #d47a64; --slate: #8fa9cc; --hand: #9ab8ea; --tint: #24221e;
    color-scheme: dark; }
}
:root[data-theme="dark"] { --paper: #1b1a17; --ink: #e9e4d8; --soft: #b0a999; --faint: #8d877a;
  --rule: #3a372f; --link: #e0917c; --red: #d47a64; --slate: #8fa9cc; --hand: #9ab8ea; --tint: #24221e;
  color-scheme: dark; }

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; scroll-padding-top: 24px; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) { html { scroll-behavior: smooth; } }
body { margin: 0; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.55; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums proportional-nums;
  font-kerning: normal; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; }
a { color: var(--link); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
a:hover { text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--link); outline-offset: 3px; }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
.skip { position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: 8px; background: var(--paper); padding: 6px 10px; z-index: 30; }
.skip:focus { left: 12px; }
.sr { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; }

/* frame: a text column with a margin for notes on wide screens */
.frame { max-width: 1140px; margin: 0 auto; padding-inline: 24px; }
.col { max-width: 680px; }
@media (min-width: 1100px) { .col.with-margin { margin-left: 70px; } }

/* masthead */
.mast { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.mast .frame { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 12px 28px; flex-wrap: wrap; padding-block: 18px 14px; }
.mast .name { font-family: var(--caps); font-size: 1.15rem; letter-spacing: .06em; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.mast nav ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 22px; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.mast nav a { color: var(--soft); text-decoration: none; }
.mast nav a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.mast nav a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--red); text-underline-offset: 6px; }

footer.colophon { margin-top: 90px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-block: 22px 46px; color: var(--faint); font-size: 1rem; }
footer.colophon .frame { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 24px; }
footer.colophon a { color: var(--soft); }
.theme-toggle { font: inherit; color: var(--soft); background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--rule); text-underline-offset: 3px; }

/* paper title block */
.titleblock { padding-block: 56px 6px; }
.titleblock .series { font-family: var(--caps); letter-spacing: .05em; color: var(--faint); font-size: 1rem; margin: 0 0 14px; }
.titleblock h1 { font-weight: 500; font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5vw, 3.1rem); line-height: 1.08; margin: 0 0 14px; letter-spacing: -.005em; text-wrap: balance; }
.byline { font-family: var(--caps); letter-spacing: .04em; color: var(--soft); font-size: 1.02rem; margin: 0 0 26px; }
.abstract { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); padding: 14px 0 16px; margin: 0 0 12px; }
.abstract p { margin: 0; }
.abstract .lab { font-family: var(--caps); letter-spacing: .06em; margin-right: 10px; }
.keys { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--soft); margin: 0 0 6px; }
.keys .lab { font-family: var(--caps); letter-spacing: .05em; margin-right: 8px; }
.jel { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .82rem; color: var(--faint); letter-spacing: .02em; }
.actions { margin: 18px 0 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px 22px; }

/* body text with numbered sections */
.paper { counter-reset: sec fig; }
.paper h2 { counter-increment: sec; font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.55rem; line-height: 1.2; margin: 44px 0 10px; text-wrap: balance; }
.paper h2::before { content: counter(sec) "\2002"; color: var(--red); font-feature-settings: "lnum"; }
.paper h2.plain::before { content: none; }
.paper h3 { font-weight: 500; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.25rem; margin: 26px 0 6px; }
.paper p, .paper li { hyphens: auto; }
.paper p { margin: 0 0 12px; }
.paper ul, .paper ol { padding-left: 1.2em; margin: 0 0 14px; }
.paper li { margin-bottom: 6px; }
.paper table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 1.02rem; margin: 10px 0 20px; }
.paper th, .paper td { text-align: left; vertical-align: top; padding: 7px 10px 7px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.paper th { font-family: var(--caps); font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .03em; color: var(--soft); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.tablewrap { overflow-x: auto; }
pre.calc { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .88rem; line-height: 1.6; background: var(--tint); padding: 14px 16px; overflow-x: auto; margin: 12px 0 18px; border-left: 2px solid var(--rule); }
.num { font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums; }

/* margin notes: printed (.sn) and handwritten (.hn) */
.sn, .hn { display: block; font-size: .95rem; line-height: 1.38; color: var(--soft); margin: 6px 0 12px; padding-left: 12px; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.hn { font-family: var(--script); font-size: 1.45rem; line-height: 1.15; color: var(--hand); border-left-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--hand) 40%, transparent); }
.hn s { text-decoration-color: var(--red); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
.snm { font-size: .78em; vertical-align: super; color: var(--red); font-feature-settings: "lnum"; }
@media (min-width: 1100px) {
  .col.with-margin { position: relative; }
  .sn, .hn { float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; margin: 4px -300px 14px 0; padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
  .hn { transform: rotate(-1.5deg); }
}

/* figures */
figure.fig { margin: 26px 0; counter-increment: fig; }
figure.fig .plate { background: var(--plate); border: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 10px; }
figure.fig img { display: block; width: 100%; }
figure.fig figcaption { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.4; color: var(--soft); margin-top: 8px; }
figure.fig figcaption::before { content: "Figure " counter(fig) ". "; font-family: var(--caps); letter-spacing: .03em; color: var(--ink); }
figure.fig.interactive figcaption::before { content: "Figure " counter(fig) " (interactive). "; }
@media (min-width: 1100px) { figure.fig.wide { margin-right: -300px; } }

/* interactive figures, quiet */
.ifig { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); padding: 14px 0 16px; }
.ifig p { margin: 0 0 10px; }
.btn { font: inherit; font-size: 1rem; color: var(--link); background: none; border: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 4px 12px; cursor: pointer; }
.btn:hover { border-color: var(--link); }
.btn.primary { color: var(--paper); background: var(--link); border-color: var(--link); }
.wbtns { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.pz-items { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(112px, 1fr)); gap: 6px; margin: 12px 0; }
.pz-item { font: inherit; text-align: left; display: grid; padding: 6px 8px; background: none; color: var(--ink); border: 1px solid var(--rule); cursor: pointer; }
.pz-item:hover { border-color: var(--soft); }
.pz-item[aria-pressed="true"] { border-color: var(--red); background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--red) 10%, transparent); }
.pz-item .pz-ref { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .72rem; color: var(--faint); }
.pz-item .pz-amt { font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.pz-item .pz-sub { font-size: .8rem; color: var(--soft); line-height: 1.2; }
.pz-item.refund .pz-amt { color: var(--red); }
.pz-meter { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: 4px 16px; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums; }
.pz-track { height: 4px; background: var(--rule); margin: 8px 0 10px; }
.pz-fill { height: 100%; width: 0; background: var(--red); transition: width .15s; }
.pz-msg { min-height: 1.5em; }
.pz-all ol { font-size: .95rem; color: var(--soft); }
.cs-readout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 10px; margin: 6px 0; }
.cs-readout small { display: block; font-family: var(--caps); color: var(--faint); font-size: .85rem; letter-spacing: .03em; }
.cs-readout b { font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.4rem; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums; }
#cliff-slider input[type=range] { width: 100%; accent-color: var(--red); margin: 12px 0 6px; }
.cs-note, .cs-count { color: var(--soft); }
#cliff-slider svg { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin-top: 8px; }
.cs-bar { fill: color-mix(in srgb, var(--red) 40%, var(--paper)); }
.cs-bar.on { fill: var(--red); }
.cs-grid { stroke: var(--rule); stroke-width: 1; }
.cs-tick { fill: var(--faint); font: 12px var(--serif); }
.gg-table td, .gg-table th { text-align: right; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums; white-space: nowrap; }
.gg-table tr th:first-child { text-align: left; }
.gg-round { font-family: var(--caps); color: var(--faint); }
.gg-opts { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.gg-opts .btn.right { color: var(--paper); background: var(--slate); border-color: var(--slate); }
.gg-opts .btn.wrong { color: var(--red); border-color: var(--red); }
.gg-src { color: var(--faint); font-size: .95rem; }

/* lists of papers, notes and updates */
.papers { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; counter-reset: wp; }
.papers > li { counter-increment: wp; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 52px minmax(0, 1fr) 230px; gap: 22px; padding-block: 22px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); align-items: start; }
.papers > li::before { content: counter(wp); font-size: 1.8rem; line-height: 1; color: var(--red); font-feature-settings: "lnum"; }
.papers h3 { font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.45rem; margin: 0 0 4px; line-height: 1.15; }
.papers h3 a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.papers h3 a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--red); }
.papers .meta { font-family: var(--caps); color: var(--faint); font-size: .95rem; letter-spacing: .03em; margin: 0 0 8px; }
.papers p { margin: 0 0 8px; }
.papers .thumb { border: 1px solid var(--rule); background: var(--plate); padding: 6px; }
.papers .thumb img { display: block; }
.planned > li::before { color: var(--faint); }
.sectionhead + .papers > li:first-child { border-top: 0; }
.log { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.log li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 140px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 18px; padding-block: 12px; border-top: 1px dotted var(--rule); }
.log li:first-child { border-top: 0; }
.log .d { font-family: var(--script); font-size: 1.35rem; color: var(--hand); line-height: 1.2; }
.log .p { font-family: var(--caps); font-size: .9rem; color: var(--faint); letter-spacing: .03em; display: block; }
.log p { margin: 0; }
.sectionhead { font-family: var(--caps); letter-spacing: .05em; color: var(--soft); font-size: 1.05rem; margin: 54px 0 10px; padding-bottom: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); }

/* home: the route */
.cover { padding-block: 64px 26px; }
.cover h1 { font-weight: 500; font-size: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 5.2rem); line-height: .95; margin: 0 0 14px; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.cover .fields { font-family: var(--caps); letter-spacing: .06em; color: var(--soft); margin: 0 0 22px; }
.cover .intro { max-width: 640px; font-size: 1.35rem; line-height: 1.45; margin: 0 0 10px; }
.cover .intro + p { max-width: 640px; color: var(--soft); }
.route { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 40px; margin-top: 30px; }
.route .map { position: sticky; top: 24px; align-self: start; }
.route .map svg { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
.map .contour { fill: none; stroke: var(--rule); stroke-width: 1; }
.map .path-bg { fill: none; stroke: var(--rule); stroke-width: 2; stroke-dasharray: 6 6; }
.map .path { fill: none; stroke: var(--red); stroke-width: 2.6; }
.map .trip { fill: none; stroke: var(--slate); stroke-width: 1.4; stroke-dasharray: 3 5; }
.map .stop { fill: var(--paper); stroke: var(--ink); stroke-width: 2; transition: fill .3s; }
.map .stop.on { fill: var(--red); stroke: var(--red); }
.map .tripdot { fill: var(--slate); }
.map text { font-family: var(--caps); font-size: 15px; fill: var(--ink); letter-spacing: .04em;
  paint-order: stroke; stroke: var(--paper); stroke-width: 5px; stroke-linejoin: round; }
.map text.sub { font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 14px; fill: var(--soft); letter-spacing: 0; }
.map text.tl { font-family: var(--script); font-size: 17px; fill: var(--slate); letter-spacing: 0; }
.stops { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.stops > li { min-height: 46vh; padding-block: 18px 30px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.stops > li:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.stops .where { font-family: var(--caps); letter-spacing: .05em; color: var(--red); margin: 0 0 4px; }
.stops h2 { font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 1.15; margin: 0 0 10px; }
.stops p { margin: 0 0 10px; }
.stops .trip { font-size: 1.02rem; color: var(--soft); border-left: 2px solid var(--slate); padding-left: 12px; margin: 14px 0 8px; }
.stops .trip b { font-family: var(--caps); font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .03em; color: var(--slate); }

/* about, resume, letters */
.cv-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 22px; padding-block: 14px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.sectionhead + .cv-row { border-top: 0; }
.cv-row .when { font-family: var(--caps); color: var(--faint); font-size: .95rem; letter-spacing: .03em; }
.cv-row h3 { font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.25rem; margin: 0; font-style: normal; }
.cv-row .role { font-style: italic; color: var(--soft); margin: 0 0 6px; }
.cv-row ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 18px; }
.facts { display: grid; grid-template-columns: max-content minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 6px 20px; margin: 0; }
.facts dt { font-family: var(--caps); color: var(--faint); letter-spacing: .03em; }
.facts dd { margin: 0; }
.letter .salute { font-size: 1.35rem; margin: 30px 0 14px; }
.letter .sig { font-family: var(--script); font-size: 2.2rem; color: var(--hand); margin: 18px 0 0; line-height: 1; }
.resume-doc .rline { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 12px; }
.resume-doc .rline b { font-weight: 500; }
.resume-doc .rline span { font-family: var(--caps); color: var(--faint); font-size: .95rem; }
.resume-doc h2 { font-family: var(--caps); font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .06em; font-size: 1.1rem; color: var(--soft); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); padding-bottom: 4px; margin: 34px 0 6px; }
.resume-doc h2::before { content: none; }
.resume-doc .rnote { font-family: var(--serif); letter-spacing: 0; font-size: .95rem; margin-left: 8px; color: var(--faint); }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .route { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .route .map { position: static; }
  .stops > li { min-height: 0; }
  .papers > li { grid-template-columns: 34px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .papers .thumb { grid-column: 2; max-width: 320px; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  body { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .frame { padding-inline: 16px; }
  .log li, .cv-row { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2px; }
  .cs-readout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .facts { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 0; }
  .facts dd { margin-bottom: 8px; }
}